A DECADE OF DEVELOPMENT
The first decade of independence for Malaysia from 1957 to 1967 is a decade of progress in many fields particularly in development both social and economic. The main aim of the Alliance Government during the decade was to make Malaysia a peaceful, happy and prosperous Nation.
When the Federation of Malaya achieved independence on the 31st of August 1957 she had many problems. Malaya was a country with seven million people of various races belonging to different religions, having different customs and different languages. At the same time the communist terrorists were waging a relentless war against the Government and the people. And so this young nation had to be organized well enough to meet not only the challenge of a ruthless enemy but also to conduct a process of assimilation and growth whereby the heterogeneous elements within society could be moulded into a nation with common aims and outlook.
During the Second World War the people suffered untold hardships and they resolved that they should in future hold their destiny in their own hands and almost immediately after the Second World War came to an end the movement for Independence began. With the achievement of Independence in 1957 the people were free to chart a course for the nation.
Clearly it is the duty of the elected Government to make this possible. But the terrorist war had to be ended so that all efforts could be concentrated on development. With the will of the people and the concentrated effort of the Government, the Communist Terrorist campaign was ended in 1960 and the Government was enabled to give development top priority. This was a twin pronged movement with emphasis on rural development so as to correct the economic imbalance between the rural and urban people and also almost concurrently on urban development mainly industrial to stabilize the economy of the country. The technique of coordinated activity used in the war to combat communist terrorism was adopted for national and rural development. This technique is the well-known Operation Room technique of Malaysia.
Just as it was in the case of the war with the communist terrorists when urgency was vital so was it in the case of implementing the National Development Programmes. Operation Rooms were set up not only in the National Capital but also in the State Capitals as well as at District Headquarters. The progress of development projects was charted and kept up-to-date on maps in the Operation Rooms. Delays in implementation were quickly dealt with. Results had to be achieved within the shortest possible time.
To encourage development the country must be opened up and roads and bridges must be built for easy communications. In the five years 1960 - 1964 almost 2,000 miles of roads were built, opening up new areas and connecting existing villages. Large areas of land were opened up for agriculture. Land Development Schemes were initiated and by the end of the first decade 67 schemes with an area of about 170,000 acres of rubber and oil palm have been planted, and based upon the experience gained, work is already in progress on an area of 93,000 acres called the Jenka Triangle to settle 9,200 families.
The country was primarily engaged in producing rubber but with the drop in the price of this commodity the economy was threatened, consequently diversification had to be embarked upon speedily. Agriculture had to be diversified and industrialists encouraged to enter into manufacturing activities. Private enterprise was given incentives to start factories manufacturing import pioneer industries and the establishment of industrial estates near the large towns and suitable locations.
In this atmosphere of intense economic activity, Malaysia was born in September 1963. The formation of Malaysia was not looked upon with favor by some of her neighbours and consequently Malaysia had to face confrontation which lasted for a period of three years and it is only very recently that confrontation ended. During the period of confrontation Government efforts were concentrated to meet this new threat to her sovereignty but the equally vital need for continuing the development of the country was not lost sight of.
With Peace restored, the people are looking forward towards an era of growing prosperity. The First Malaysia Development Plan has been launched involving a total outlay of $10,500 million during a period of five years from 1966 to 1970. The First and Second Year Development Plans gave amenities of life to the people, such as roads, electricity, water-supplies, health centers, telecommunications, postal services and schools. The First Malaysia Plan is intended to encourage the people themselves to improve their standard of living by coordinating their own efforts.
Malaysia is a young but vigorous country. The educational system is geared for the purpose of giving every school-going child an opportunity to receive education until the age of 14. They are given the best education possible with opportunities for higher education in the colleges and in the University of Malaya.
Looking back again at the first decade of independence the striking thing about it is that it was a decade of remarkable progress during a time of turbulence when internal and external forces were attempting to destroy its very existence. Throughout the Emergency and throughout Confrontation there was parliamentary democracy in the country. In the end good prevailed over evil and the people can continue to lead a peaceful and prosperous life.
Throughout all these years right from the time when the first independence talks with the British Government were held in 1955 to the present day, the primary responsibility for guiding the destiny of this young nation lay with the leader of the Alliance Government, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj and on his understanding and vision. The Tunku, as he is affectionately called, has the ability to weld together a multitude of people into a nation whose very diversity is a source of strength as each and everyone finds it his pleasant task to give his best.
Technical details
Commemorative postage stamps of the 15 cents and 50 cents denominations will be issued on the 31st August, 1967 to mark the 10th Anniversary of Merdeka. Details of the stamps are as follows.
Size: Rectangular with the following dimensions perforation to perforation in sheets of 100:
Horizontal - 44 mm
Vertical - 28 mm
Printing Process: Photogravure
Designs: The design features the portraits of Their Majesties the past and the present Yang di-Pertuan Agong in profile and the National flower of Malaysia.
Colors:
15 cents - The portraits in black; flower in red with green leaves on yellow background.
50 cents - The portraits in black; flower in red with green leaves on blue background.
Paper: P.T.M. watermarked white paper
Printed by: Harrison & Sons Ltd., London
Period of Sales: Six months from the date of issue or until stocks are exhausted whichever is earlier.
First Day Cover
Showing posts with label 1967. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1967. Show all posts
Friday, November 23, 2012
Sunday, November 4, 2012
Sarawak Council Negri Centenary 1867-1967
CENTENARY OF THE COUNCIL NEGRI, SARAWAK
On the 8th September, 1967, the Sarawak State Legislature known as Council Negri celebrates its centenary.
The Council Negri held its first meeting at Bintulu on 8th September, 1867, with the Tuan Muda (afterwards Rajah Sir Charles Brooke) presiding. Five Europeans and sixteen local Sarawak leaders, mostly Malays were present. At this first meeting, the members were informed that the purpose of the Council was to deliberate on any matter of great importance to the population in general or any dispute among the different peoples about laws and customs.
The second meeting was held at Sibu in 1868. Subsequent meetings were held in Kuching, usually at intervals of three years.
In 1941, the Rajah (Sir Charles Vyner Brooke) decided to commemorate the Centenary Year of Brooke Rule in Sarawak by introducing constitutional reforms designed to replace autocratic rule by a form of government based on democratic principles. The result was the Constitution Order of 24th September, 1941, which contained the famous Nine Cardinal Principles.
Under the Constitution Order, 1941, the Council Negri consisted of twenty five members made up of fourteen official members and eleven unofficial appointed members. The first meeting of the reconstituted Council was held on 17th November, 1941. A few weeks later the country was overrun by the Japanese.
After the Liberation the Council Negri resumed its functions again. It was at a meeting held on 16th May, 1946, that the Council gave its consent to the Creation of Sarawak to the British Crown.
As a first step towards the achievement of self-government, the Council Negri was again reconstituted under the Sarawak (Constitution) Order in Council, 1956, to consist of fourteen ex-officio Members, twenty four Elected Members, four Nominated Members and three Standing Members. The ex-officio Members were the Chief Secretary (acting as President of the Council), the Attorney-General, the Financial Secretary, the Residents of the five Divisions, and six other Government officers appointed by the Governor. The Standing Members were appointed by the Rajah before the Cession as members of the Council Negri for so long as they remain members of the State Public Service. When the seat of a Standing Member became vacant, it was not to be filled. Persons eligible for appointment as Elected or Nominated Members had to be 25 years of age or upwards and to be British subjects or British protected persons. Furthermore, they ware required to have been residents in Sarawak for seven out of the ten years preceding an election.
Elected Members of the Council Negri were elected by Divisional Advisory Councils and the three urban councils of Kuching, Sibu and Miri in accordance with the Council Negri Elections Ordinance, as follows:
First Divisional Advisory Council - 5 representatives
Second Divisional Advisory Council - 4 representatives
Third Divisional Advisory Council - 6 representatives
Fourth Divisional Advisory Council - 4 representatives
Fifth Divisional Advisory Council - 2 representatives
Kuching Municipal Council - 1 representative
Sibu Urban District Council - 1 representative
Miri Urban District Council - 1 representative
Total 24
Constitutional changes were made in 1963 by the introduction of the Sarawak (Constitutional) (Amendment) Order in Council, 1963, but a new Constitution was enacted in the same year under the Malaysia Act, 1963 to enable Sarawak, North Borneo and Singapore to federate with the existing States of the Federation of Malaya and thus achieve internal self-government. Under the new Constitution of the State of Sarawak, the Council Negri was reconstituted to consist of a Speaker, three ex-officio Members, namely the State Secretary, the State Attorney-General and the State Financial Secretary, thirty-six Elected Members, three Nominated Members and one Standing Member.
The thirty six Elected Members have been elected by means of a three tier system, that is, they were first elected by the people to the District Councils and the Kuching Municipal Council, thence to the five Divisional Advisory Councils and finally to the Council Negri. The distribution of seats is:
First Division Advisory Council - 10 members
Second Division Advisory Council - 6 members
Third Division Advisory Council - 11 members
Fourth Division Advisory Council - 6 members
Fifth Division Advisory Council - 3 members
Total 36
There is at present no Standing Member. The last Standing Member was Dato (now Tun) Abang Haji Openg, OBE who was then the President of the Majlis Islam before he was appointed Governor of Sarawak.
The first meeting of the Council Negri under the new Constitution was held on 4th September, 1963. On 16th September, the same year, Sarawak achieved its independence by becoming a State in the Federation of Malaysia.
In other States of Malaysia the legislation is known as the State Legislative Assembly but, in Sarawak, the name "Council Negri" has been retained.
It is expected that in its Centenary Year, 1967, Council Negri will be developed still further and become a House whose members will be returned by direct elections to be held for the first time towards the end of the year.
The two commemorative stamps depict the Council Negri Mace which symbolizes the Speaker's authority and impartiality in the House. The Mace was presented to the Council Negri on 14th December, 1965, by Dato Wee Kheng Chiang, PNBS., CSS., on behalf of the people of Sarawak.
Technical Details
Commemorative postage stamps of the 15 cents and 50 cents denominations will be issued on the 8th September, 1967 to mark the Centenary of the Council Negri, Sarawak. Details of the stamps are as follows:
Size: Rectangular with the following dimensions perforation to perforation in sheets of 100:
Horizontal - 35 mm
Vertical - 25 mm
Printing Process: Photogravure
Design: The design features the Council Negri Mace and the State Crest
Colours:
15 cents - The Mace in yellow and grey; State Crest in yellow, black and red on bright green background
50 cents - The Mace in yellow and grey; State Crest in yellow, black and red on olive-brown background
Paper: P.T.M. watermarked white paper
Printed by: Harrison & Sons Ltd., London
Artist: Enche Ng Peng Nam
Period of Sale: Three months from the date of issue or until stocks are exhausted whichever is earlier
First Day Cover
On the 8th September, 1967, the Sarawak State Legislature known as Council Negri celebrates its centenary.
The Council Negri held its first meeting at Bintulu on 8th September, 1867, with the Tuan Muda (afterwards Rajah Sir Charles Brooke) presiding. Five Europeans and sixteen local Sarawak leaders, mostly Malays were present. At this first meeting, the members were informed that the purpose of the Council was to deliberate on any matter of great importance to the population in general or any dispute among the different peoples about laws and customs.
The second meeting was held at Sibu in 1868. Subsequent meetings were held in Kuching, usually at intervals of three years.
In 1941, the Rajah (Sir Charles Vyner Brooke) decided to commemorate the Centenary Year of Brooke Rule in Sarawak by introducing constitutional reforms designed to replace autocratic rule by a form of government based on democratic principles. The result was the Constitution Order of 24th September, 1941, which contained the famous Nine Cardinal Principles.
Under the Constitution Order, 1941, the Council Negri consisted of twenty five members made up of fourteen official members and eleven unofficial appointed members. The first meeting of the reconstituted Council was held on 17th November, 1941. A few weeks later the country was overrun by the Japanese.
After the Liberation the Council Negri resumed its functions again. It was at a meeting held on 16th May, 1946, that the Council gave its consent to the Creation of Sarawak to the British Crown.
As a first step towards the achievement of self-government, the Council Negri was again reconstituted under the Sarawak (Constitution) Order in Council, 1956, to consist of fourteen ex-officio Members, twenty four Elected Members, four Nominated Members and three Standing Members. The ex-officio Members were the Chief Secretary (acting as President of the Council), the Attorney-General, the Financial Secretary, the Residents of the five Divisions, and six other Government officers appointed by the Governor. The Standing Members were appointed by the Rajah before the Cession as members of the Council Negri for so long as they remain members of the State Public Service. When the seat of a Standing Member became vacant, it was not to be filled. Persons eligible for appointment as Elected or Nominated Members had to be 25 years of age or upwards and to be British subjects or British protected persons. Furthermore, they ware required to have been residents in Sarawak for seven out of the ten years preceding an election.
Elected Members of the Council Negri were elected by Divisional Advisory Councils and the three urban councils of Kuching, Sibu and Miri in accordance with the Council Negri Elections Ordinance, as follows:
First Divisional Advisory Council - 5 representatives
Second Divisional Advisory Council - 4 representatives
Third Divisional Advisory Council - 6 representatives
Fourth Divisional Advisory Council - 4 representatives
Fifth Divisional Advisory Council - 2 representatives
Kuching Municipal Council - 1 representative
Sibu Urban District Council - 1 representative
Miri Urban District Council - 1 representative
Total 24
Constitutional changes were made in 1963 by the introduction of the Sarawak (Constitutional) (Amendment) Order in Council, 1963, but a new Constitution was enacted in the same year under the Malaysia Act, 1963 to enable Sarawak, North Borneo and Singapore to federate with the existing States of the Federation of Malaya and thus achieve internal self-government. Under the new Constitution of the State of Sarawak, the Council Negri was reconstituted to consist of a Speaker, three ex-officio Members, namely the State Secretary, the State Attorney-General and the State Financial Secretary, thirty-six Elected Members, three Nominated Members and one Standing Member.
The thirty six Elected Members have been elected by means of a three tier system, that is, they were first elected by the people to the District Councils and the Kuching Municipal Council, thence to the five Divisional Advisory Councils and finally to the Council Negri. The distribution of seats is:
First Division Advisory Council - 10 members
Second Division Advisory Council - 6 members
Third Division Advisory Council - 11 members
Fourth Division Advisory Council - 6 members
Fifth Division Advisory Council - 3 members
Total 36
There is at present no Standing Member. The last Standing Member was Dato (now Tun) Abang Haji Openg, OBE who was then the President of the Majlis Islam before he was appointed Governor of Sarawak.
The first meeting of the Council Negri under the new Constitution was held on 4th September, 1963. On 16th September, the same year, Sarawak achieved its independence by becoming a State in the Federation of Malaysia.
In other States of Malaysia the legislation is known as the State Legislative Assembly but, in Sarawak, the name "Council Negri" has been retained.
It is expected that in its Centenary Year, 1967, Council Negri will be developed still further and become a House whose members will be returned by direct elections to be held for the first time towards the end of the year.
The two commemorative stamps depict the Council Negri Mace which symbolizes the Speaker's authority and impartiality in the House. The Mace was presented to the Council Negri on 14th December, 1965, by Dato Wee Kheng Chiang, PNBS., CSS., on behalf of the people of Sarawak.
Technical Details
Commemorative postage stamps of the 15 cents and 50 cents denominations will be issued on the 8th September, 1967 to mark the Centenary of the Council Negri, Sarawak. Details of the stamps are as follows:
Size: Rectangular with the following dimensions perforation to perforation in sheets of 100:
Horizontal - 35 mm
Vertical - 25 mm
Printing Process: Photogravure
Design: The design features the Council Negri Mace and the State Crest
Colours:
15 cents - The Mace in yellow and grey; State Crest in yellow, black and red on bright green background
50 cents - The Mace in yellow and grey; State Crest in yellow, black and red on olive-brown background
Paper: P.T.M. watermarked white paper
Printed by: Harrison & Sons Ltd., London
Artist: Enche Ng Peng Nam
Period of Sale: Three months from the date of issue or until stocks are exhausted whichever is earlier
First Day Cover
Labels:
1967,
anniversaries,
culture
Thursday, November 1, 2012
SEACOM
SEACOM is the code name for the South-East Asia Commonwealth Telephone Cable System. With its completion, another very significant contribution by the Commonwealth Nations to bring the countries of the world into closer contact with each other is accomplished.
Good telecommunications within a country are necessary for full inter-working of governmental, commercial, industrial and social operations. So, in a wider field good international telecommunications in the world are necessary to assist countries to develop together economically and socially.
The Commonwealth has a vast network of international telecommunication facilities consisting of high frequency radio, telegraph submarine cables wideband telephone submarine cables and communication satellites. The last two media of communication have been developed only recently, and they can provide large capacities and high quality communication links which H.F. radio and out of date telegraph cables cannot do.
The Commonwealth international telecommunication network is not only extensive but it is a unique set-up in the world of communications. It consists of a common-user system of interconnections between practically all Commonwealth countries as well as connections between Commonwealth countries and non-Commonwealth countries.
SEACOM is a truly Commonwealth joint effort, built by Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Britain, each Partner sharing in the total cost and also contributing in one way or another to the technical design, materials, manufacture or installation.
SEACOM is doubly important to Malaysia, firstly, because it connects the State of Malaya with the State of Sabah and thus provides a first class communication link, which will no doubt contribute greatly to the development of Sabah, secondly, because it is the first telephone cable to be laid in South-East Asia. It will not only give Malaysia good communications to many countries in this region like the Philippines, Japan and Hong Kong but also to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Britain, the United States and Europe.
The SEACOM cable route is made up of five cable sections, Singapore to Jesselton, Jesselton to Hong Kong, Hong Kong to Guam, Guam to Madang and Madang to Cairns. Kuala Lumpur is connected to SEACOM by a microwave link from Kuala Lumpur to Singapore and also from Cairns to Sydney by another microwave link.
At Guam SEACOM is connected to the Trans-Pacific cable and telephone where telex and telegraph connections are made to Tokyo, San Francisco and Manila from Kuala Lumpur and other Commonwealth points in the cable.
At Sydney SEACOM is connected to the Commonwealth Pacific cable called COMPAC and thence via the Canadian overland microwave system to Montreal where connection is made to the Commonwealth Trans-Atlantic cable CANTAT. Thus via this route direct telephone, telex and telegraph connections have been provided from Kuala Lumpur to Sydney and London. At the switching centres at Sydney and London connections to New Zealand, Canada and countries in Europe can be dialed direct from Kuala Lumpur. Services over the cable will all be on a 24-hour continuous basis. Hence, with the completion of SEACOM, it is expected that there will be an outstanding improvement in the international telecommunication services from Malaysia.
SEACOM has a capacity of 80 telephone circuits between Kuala Lumpur and Guam and 160 circuits between Guam and Sydney. Telegraph, telex and data transmission can also be made via SEACOM and a single telephone circuit can provide up to 22 telegraph or telex channels.
The length of a telephone circuit from Kuala Lumpur to Sydney in the SEACOM system is 9800 miles and there are 356 submerged amplifiers or repeaters inserted in the cable. The submerged repeaters are designed and manufactured with meticulous attention to every detail, so that they can give an expected trouble-free life under the sea of at least 20 years without maintenance attention. Each repeater contains two amplifier systems working in parallel so that if one system fails, the other will maintain service with no effect upon the performance of the system.
All possible care is taken during laying and jointing of the cable to ensure that the system will function efficiently for many years. Every joint made on the coaxial cable is X-rayed to check for possible defects before it is accepted. The route of the cable has all been surveyed carefully and the cable laid precisely on the selected path along the ocean bed.
Some sections of SEACOM are laid in waters up to 24,000 feet deep where both the cable and repeaters will be subjected to tremendous pressures.
The total cost of the SEACOM system is in the region of $200 million, contributed jointly by Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Britain. The system is expected to give more than 20 years of good service in conjunction with other cable and space satellite systems.
The demand for international communications is increasing rapidly all over the world and financially SEACOM is expected to be a profitable project. But more important is the benefit it can provide by bringing the peoples of the world closer together with rapid and continuous contact. It is difficult to name a price for the increased undertaking that will ensue.
Technical Details
Special postage stamps of the 30 cents and 75 cents denominations will be issued on the 30th March, 1967 to commemorate the completion of the SEACOM Project.
Size: Rectangular with the following dimensions perforation to perforation in sheets of 50:
Horizontal - 72 mm
Vertical - 25.5 mm
Printing Process: Photogravure
Design: The design features two maps, one of Southeast Asia and Australia showing the route of the SEACOM cable and the other of the world showing the SEACOM cable connected to the international telecommunications network.
Colours:
30 c - yellow, blue, green and red
75 c - yellow, blue, light blue and red
Paper: Unwatermarked paper
Printed by: Government Printing Bureau of Japan
Artist: Enche Ng Peng Nam
Period of Sale: Three months from the date of issue or until stocks are exhausted whichever is earlier
First Day Cover
Good telecommunications within a country are necessary for full inter-working of governmental, commercial, industrial and social operations. So, in a wider field good international telecommunications in the world are necessary to assist countries to develop together economically and socially.
The Commonwealth has a vast network of international telecommunication facilities consisting of high frequency radio, telegraph submarine cables wideband telephone submarine cables and communication satellites. The last two media of communication have been developed only recently, and they can provide large capacities and high quality communication links which H.F. radio and out of date telegraph cables cannot do.
The Commonwealth international telecommunication network is not only extensive but it is a unique set-up in the world of communications. It consists of a common-user system of interconnections between practically all Commonwealth countries as well as connections between Commonwealth countries and non-Commonwealth countries.
SEACOM is a truly Commonwealth joint effort, built by Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Britain, each Partner sharing in the total cost and also contributing in one way or another to the technical design, materials, manufacture or installation.
SEACOM is doubly important to Malaysia, firstly, because it connects the State of Malaya with the State of Sabah and thus provides a first class communication link, which will no doubt contribute greatly to the development of Sabah, secondly, because it is the first telephone cable to be laid in South-East Asia. It will not only give Malaysia good communications to many countries in this region like the Philippines, Japan and Hong Kong but also to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Britain, the United States and Europe.
The SEACOM cable route is made up of five cable sections, Singapore to Jesselton, Jesselton to Hong Kong, Hong Kong to Guam, Guam to Madang and Madang to Cairns. Kuala Lumpur is connected to SEACOM by a microwave link from Kuala Lumpur to Singapore and also from Cairns to Sydney by another microwave link.
At Guam SEACOM is connected to the Trans-Pacific cable and telephone where telex and telegraph connections are made to Tokyo, San Francisco and Manila from Kuala Lumpur and other Commonwealth points in the cable.
At Sydney SEACOM is connected to the Commonwealth Pacific cable called COMPAC and thence via the Canadian overland microwave system to Montreal where connection is made to the Commonwealth Trans-Atlantic cable CANTAT. Thus via this route direct telephone, telex and telegraph connections have been provided from Kuala Lumpur to Sydney and London. At the switching centres at Sydney and London connections to New Zealand, Canada and countries in Europe can be dialed direct from Kuala Lumpur. Services over the cable will all be on a 24-hour continuous basis. Hence, with the completion of SEACOM, it is expected that there will be an outstanding improvement in the international telecommunication services from Malaysia.
SEACOM has a capacity of 80 telephone circuits between Kuala Lumpur and Guam and 160 circuits between Guam and Sydney. Telegraph, telex and data transmission can also be made via SEACOM and a single telephone circuit can provide up to 22 telegraph or telex channels.
The length of a telephone circuit from Kuala Lumpur to Sydney in the SEACOM system is 9800 miles and there are 356 submerged amplifiers or repeaters inserted in the cable. The submerged repeaters are designed and manufactured with meticulous attention to every detail, so that they can give an expected trouble-free life under the sea of at least 20 years without maintenance attention. Each repeater contains two amplifier systems working in parallel so that if one system fails, the other will maintain service with no effect upon the performance of the system.
All possible care is taken during laying and jointing of the cable to ensure that the system will function efficiently for many years. Every joint made on the coaxial cable is X-rayed to check for possible defects before it is accepted. The route of the cable has all been surveyed carefully and the cable laid precisely on the selected path along the ocean bed.
Some sections of SEACOM are laid in waters up to 24,000 feet deep where both the cable and repeaters will be subjected to tremendous pressures.
The total cost of the SEACOM system is in the region of $200 million, contributed jointly by Malaysia, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and Britain. The system is expected to give more than 20 years of good service in conjunction with other cable and space satellite systems.
The demand for international communications is increasing rapidly all over the world and financially SEACOM is expected to be a profitable project. But more important is the benefit it can provide by bringing the peoples of the world closer together with rapid and continuous contact. It is difficult to name a price for the increased undertaking that will ensue.
Technical Details
Special postage stamps of the 30 cents and 75 cents denominations will be issued on the 30th March, 1967 to commemorate the completion of the SEACOM Project.
Size: Rectangular with the following dimensions perforation to perforation in sheets of 50:
Horizontal - 72 mm
Vertical - 25.5 mm
Printing Process: Photogravure
Design: The design features two maps, one of Southeast Asia and Australia showing the route of the SEACOM cable and the other of the world showing the SEACOM cable connected to the international telecommunications network.
Colours:
30 c - yellow, blue, green and red
75 c - yellow, blue, light blue and red
Paper: Unwatermarked paper
Printed by: Government Printing Bureau of Japan
Artist: Enche Ng Peng Nam
Period of Sale: Three months from the date of issue or until stocks are exhausted whichever is earlier
First Day Cover
Labels:
1967,
communications
Wednesday, October 31, 2012
Postage Stamp Centenary 1867-1967
A CENTURY OF MALAYSIAN POSTAGE STAMPS
The story of the stamps of Malaysia lies in the history of the stamps of the States which make up the Federation. It begins in 1867 when the Straits Settlements were constituted as a Crown Colony governed directly by Britain.
Prior to 1867 postal matters in the Straits Settlements came under the control of the Indian Post Office. Indian postage stamps were used without any modifications but in 1867 stamps intended for use solely in the Straits Settlements were introduced. These stamps were overprinted with a Crown and were in Straits cents and dollars. Curiously the title "Straits Settlement" was not shown on the stamps.
In December 1867 a new definitive issue featuring the famous Wyon portrait of Queen Victoria and typographed by De La Rue replaced this issue. Then between March 1892 and July 1899 stamps in the standard Colonial keyplate colours were issued. In 1902 the Colonial keyplate designs showing the new monarch King Edward VII appeared.
The King George V definitive series release between 1812 and 1922 was a mixture of old and new designs with some values printed on coloured paper. In 1936 a new standard design for the Straits Settlements made its debut and was later adopted by the other stamp issuing territories of the Malayan Postal Union. It featured an oval portrait of King George V flanked by palm trees. The same design was used for the stamps of the Straits Settlements participated in the Colonial Omnibus issued for the Silver Jubilee of King George V (1935) and the Coronation of King George VI (1937).
POSTAL SERVICES IN THE FORMER UNFEDERATED MALAY STATES
In 1876 postal service was established in Johore. Straits Settlements stamps overprinted with the name of the State were in use until 1891 when a series portraying His Highness Sultan Aboubakar was issued. When he was succeeded by his son, His Highness Sultan Sir Ibrahim in 1895, an issue overprinted "Kemahkotaan" commemorating the Coronation was released. Various issues portraying the Sultan and, in 1935 the Sultana also appeared between this date and his Diamond Jubilee in 1955.
Postal services in the other Unfederated States were controlled by Siam from 1883 until 1909 and Siamese stamps post-marked in Kedah, Kelantan and Perlis are eagerly sought after. No Post Office existed in Trengganu until December 1910 when the Straits Settlements stamps were used pending the arrival of a distinctive series which was released later that month. During a temporary shortage in 1921, stamps of the Straits Settlements were used in Trengganu and in that year a new series portraying His Highness Sultan Suleiman was released.
Kelantan followed Trengganu with distinctive stamps in 1911 featuring the emblem of the State. The series was reissued between 1921 and 1928 when a new one dollar stamp portraying His Highness Sultan Ismail Ibni Almerhum Sultan Mohammed was released. This design was used for all values of a new definitive issue made between 1937 and 1940.
Kedah's first definitive series appeared in 1912 and consisted of three designs for 14 values. This issue, with various colour changes, remained in use until 1937 when a new series portraying His Highness Sultan Abdul Hamid Halimshah was made.
POSTAL SERVICES IN THE FORMER FEDERATED MALAY STATES
In the Federated Malay States the stamps of the Straits Settlements were used until the States began issuing their own series. Perak was the first of the States to issue stamps when the Straits Settlements two cents value was hand-stamped with a "P" and a crescent and star in 1878. Overprinted issues remained in use in Perak until the first distinctive series was introduced in 1892.
Selangor too used Straits Settlements stamps until its own overprinted local issues appeared in 1881.
Pahang's first issue consisted of Straits Settlements stamps overprinted "Pahang" in 1889. Negri Sembilan, the Union of the 9 States of Sungei Ujong, Jelebu, Johol, Rembau, Ulu Muar, Jempul, Terachi, Gunong Pasir and Inas, issued stamps in August 1891 which were in fact overprinted Straits Settlements stamps. Sungei Ujong, however, had stamps of its own from 1878 onwards.
In 1891 a standard design showing a leaping tiger was introduced in the Federated States. 2 cents denominations released simultaneously in Pahang, Perak, Negri Sembilan, Selangor and Sungei Ujong were followed by 5 cents (1893) and 1 cent (1895) denominations. In 1895 a 3 cents denomination in a new uniform design showing the head of a tiger was released. Stamps in denominations of 4 cents and 5 cents, of the tiger's head design, were released in the Federated States between 1895 and 1899.
The Federated Malay States, constituted in July 1896 each used its own stamps until 1898 when the stamps of any State became valid for use in the other States. In 1900 a general issue inscribed "FEDERATED MALAY STATES" was introduced. At first the definitive sets of Negri Sembilan and Perak were used, suitably overprinted, but towards the end of that year a new "leaping tiger" design was brought into use for the lower denominations. The dollar values used the elephants design as before. The stamps remained in use for 35 years.
In 1935 the Malayan Postal Union was formed and separate issues for the Federated Malay States were re-introduced, each State issuing a series inscribed "MALAYA" with the State's name. In 1922 a Malaya - Borneo Exhibition was held in Singapore and several values in the definitive sets of the Straits Settlements, Kedah, Kelantan, Brunei and North Borneo were overprinted "MALAYA - BORNEO EXHIBITION".
POSTAL SERVICES IN SABAH AND SARAWAK
Present day Malaysia includes two States in the island of Borneo, Sabah and Sarawak. Sabah was previously known as North Borneo and incorporated the territory of Labuan which was itself a Crown Colony from 1848 till 1890 and had its own stamps between 1879 and the end of the century.
Both Sarawak and Sabah (North Borneo) have had a long and interesting postal history. Sarawak commenced issuing stamps in March 1869 and Sabah in 1883. With the establishment of the British North Borneo Company in 1882, North Borneo was opened to trade and became a British Protectorate in 1888. Between 1883 and 1887 its stamps were inscribed with the words "North Borneo"; in the latter year the word "British" was added to the title. From 1894 onward the stamps were inscribed with the words "The States of North Borneo" and "British Protectorate" were either overprinted or added to the design in most issues after 1901.
STAMPS DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND THE IMMEDIATE POST-WAR YEARS
The Malay Peninsula was invaded by Japanese Forces in 1941 and the stamps of Malaya were overprinted by the Japanese who later issued their own stamps. When Japan surrendered in 1945 Malaya was placed under British Military Administration and the pre-war stamps were overprinted with "B.M.A. MALAYA". In 1947 the stamps of Sarawak and North Borneo were reissued overprinted with the Royal Cipher following their change in status to Crown Colonies.
On 1st February 1948 the Federation of Malaya was formed and the stamps of the British Military Administration were gradually superseded by stamps in uniform design for portraying the Rulers of each State (or the Coat of Arms, in the case of Negri Sembilan) in Johore, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Negri Sembilan, Pahang, Penang, Perak, Selangor, Singapore and Trengganu. The State of Perlis, which had hitherto used the stamps of Kedah, began issuing its own stamps at this time. The twelve territories issued stamps in the Colonial Omnibus designs for the Silver Wedding (1948), the 75th anniversary of the Universal Postal Union (1949) and the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II (1953).
POSTAGE STAMPS AFTER MERDEKA
The Federation of Malaya achieved independence on the 31st August, 1957. Philatelically these changes were heralded by the release of four stamps on 5th May, 1957, inscribed "Federation of Malaya", which were intended for use throughout the country. Between June and August, each of the component States released their own definitive sets differing only in the inscription and the portrait of the ruler inset.
Changes of portrait became necessary on the stamps of Kedah (1959), Kelantan (1961-2) and Selangor (1961-2) because of the deaths of the rulers of these States. Several stamps were issued by the States to mark local events such as the Diamond Jubilee of the Sultan of Johore (1955) and the Coronations of the Rulers of Johore (1960), Kedah (1959), Kelantan (1961), Negri Sembilan (1961), Selangor (1961) and Perak (1963).
The Federation of Malaya issued a number of colourful commemorative stamps such as the Independence Day Commemorative (1957 and 1958) and the Parliamentary Inauguration set (1959). In the succeeding years stamps were issued for the Natural Rubber Research Conference. The Colombo Plan Conference, National Language Month, Free Primary Education and the Cameron Highlands Hydro-Electric Scheme. In addition the Federation participated in the world "Omnibus" issues for World Refugee Year (1960), Human Rights (1958), Malaria Eradication (1962) and Freedom from Hunger (1963).
On 16th September, 1963, Malaysia, comprising the States of the Federation of Malaya and the States of Sabah (North Borneo), Sarawak and Singapore, was established and a set of three stamps featuring the sun rising over a map of the area was issued. The stamps of North Borneo were overprinted with the word "Sabah" pending the arrival of the new definitive series.
Malaysia issued two stamps in 1963 to commemorate the Fourth World Orchid Conference in Singapore and stamps for other important events such as the Ninth Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference, Mrs Eleanor Roosevelt Memorial and International Telecommunication Union Centenary followed during the next two years.
The present distinctive National definitive issue featuring birds of Malaysia was released on 9th September, 1965, and on 15th November of the same year the State definitive issues were released.
Since the release of these National and State series, commemorative stamps have been issued from time to time notably for the opening of the National Mosque and the International Airport (August 65), the third South Eastern Asia Peninsula Games (December 65), National Monument (February 66), Installation of the King (April 66), 150th Anniversary of Penang Free School (October 66), The First Malaysia Plan (December 66), Seacom (March 67), 10th Anniversary of Merdeka (August 67) and the Centenary of Council Negri, Sarawak (September 67).
Technical Details
Commemorative postage stamps of the 25 cents, 30 cents and 50 cents denominations will be issued on 2nd December, 1967 to mark the Centenary of the First Postage Stamps of Malaysia.
Sizes: Trapeziform with the following dimensions perforation to perforation in sheets of 50:
(a) Vertical - 30 mm, (b) Horizontal (at top) - 35 mm, (c) Horizontal (at bottom) - 42 mm
Printing Process: Photogravure
Design: The three stamps depict the following:
25 cents - depicts the 1867 Straits Settlements 8c stamp and the current 25c Malaysia stamp, both in actural colours.
30 cents - depicts the 1867 Straits Settlements 24c stamp and the current 30c Malaysia stamp, both in actural colours.
50 cents - depicts the 1867 Straits Settlements 32c stamp and the current 50c Malaysia stamp, both in actual colours.
Colour: All the three stamps are in multi-colours.
Paper: Unwatermarked paper
Printed by: The Government Printing Bureau of Japan
Artist: Enche Ng Peng Nam
Period of Sale: Three months from the date of issue or until stocks are exhausted whichever is earlier
First Day Cover:
The story of the stamps of Malaysia lies in the history of the stamps of the States which make up the Federation. It begins in 1867 when the Straits Settlements were constituted as a Crown Colony governed directly by Britain.
Prior to 1867 postal matters in the Straits Settlements came under the control of the Indian Post Office. Indian postage stamps were used without any modifications but in 1867 stamps intended for use solely in the Straits Settlements were introduced. These stamps were overprinted with a Crown and were in Straits cents and dollars. Curiously the title "Straits Settlement" was not shown on the stamps.
In December 1867 a new definitive issue featuring the famous Wyon portrait of Queen Victoria and typographed by De La Rue replaced this issue. Then between March 1892 and July 1899 stamps in the standard Colonial keyplate colours were issued. In 1902 the Colonial keyplate designs showing the new monarch King Edward VII appeared.
The King George V definitive series release between 1812 and 1922 was a mixture of old and new designs with some values printed on coloured paper. In 1936 a new standard design for the Straits Settlements made its debut and was later adopted by the other stamp issuing territories of the Malayan Postal Union. It featured an oval portrait of King George V flanked by palm trees. The same design was used for the stamps of the Straits Settlements participated in the Colonial Omnibus issued for the Silver Jubilee of King George V (1935) and the Coronation of King George VI (1937).
POSTAL SERVICES IN THE FORMER UNFEDERATED MALAY STATES
In 1876 postal service was established in Johore. Straits Settlements stamps overprinted with the name of the State were in use until 1891 when a series portraying His Highness Sultan Aboubakar was issued. When he was succeeded by his son, His Highness Sultan Sir Ibrahim in 1895, an issue overprinted "Kemahkotaan" commemorating the Coronation was released. Various issues portraying the Sultan and, in 1935 the Sultana also appeared between this date and his Diamond Jubilee in 1955.
Postal services in the other Unfederated States were controlled by Siam from 1883 until 1909 and Siamese stamps post-marked in Kedah, Kelantan and Perlis are eagerly sought after. No Post Office existed in Trengganu until December 1910 when the Straits Settlements stamps were used pending the arrival of a distinctive series which was released later that month. During a temporary shortage in 1921, stamps of the Straits Settlements were used in Trengganu and in that year a new series portraying His Highness Sultan Suleiman was released.
Kelantan followed Trengganu with distinctive stamps in 1911 featuring the emblem of the State. The series was reissued between 1921 and 1928 when a new one dollar stamp portraying His Highness Sultan Ismail Ibni Almerhum Sultan Mohammed was released. This design was used for all values of a new definitive issue made between 1937 and 1940.
Kedah's first definitive series appeared in 1912 and consisted of three designs for 14 values. This issue, with various colour changes, remained in use until 1937 when a new series portraying His Highness Sultan Abdul Hamid Halimshah was made.
POSTAL SERVICES IN THE FORMER FEDERATED MALAY STATES
In the Federated Malay States the stamps of the Straits Settlements were used until the States began issuing their own series. Perak was the first of the States to issue stamps when the Straits Settlements two cents value was hand-stamped with a "P" and a crescent and star in 1878. Overprinted issues remained in use in Perak until the first distinctive series was introduced in 1892.
Selangor too used Straits Settlements stamps until its own overprinted local issues appeared in 1881.
Pahang's first issue consisted of Straits Settlements stamps overprinted "Pahang" in 1889. Negri Sembilan, the Union of the 9 States of Sungei Ujong, Jelebu, Johol, Rembau, Ulu Muar, Jempul, Terachi, Gunong Pasir and Inas, issued stamps in August 1891 which were in fact overprinted Straits Settlements stamps. Sungei Ujong, however, had stamps of its own from 1878 onwards.
In 1891 a standard design showing a leaping tiger was introduced in the Federated States. 2 cents denominations released simultaneously in Pahang, Perak, Negri Sembilan, Selangor and Sungei Ujong were followed by 5 cents (1893) and 1 cent (1895) denominations. In 1895 a 3 cents denomination in a new uniform design showing the head of a tiger was released. Stamps in denominations of 4 cents and 5 cents, of the tiger's head design, were released in the Federated States between 1895 and 1899.
The Federated Malay States, constituted in July 1896 each used its own stamps until 1898 when the stamps of any State became valid for use in the other States. In 1900 a general issue inscribed "FEDERATED MALAY STATES" was introduced. At first the definitive sets of Negri Sembilan and Perak were used, suitably overprinted, but towards the end of that year a new "leaping tiger" design was brought into use for the lower denominations. The dollar values used the elephants design as before. The stamps remained in use for 35 years.
In 1935 the Malayan Postal Union was formed and separate issues for the Federated Malay States were re-introduced, each State issuing a series inscribed "MALAYA" with the State's name. In 1922 a Malaya - Borneo Exhibition was held in Singapore and several values in the definitive sets of the Straits Settlements, Kedah, Kelantan, Brunei and North Borneo were overprinted "MALAYA - BORNEO EXHIBITION".
POSTAL SERVICES IN SABAH AND SARAWAK
Present day Malaysia includes two States in the island of Borneo, Sabah and Sarawak. Sabah was previously known as North Borneo and incorporated the territory of Labuan which was itself a Crown Colony from 1848 till 1890 and had its own stamps between 1879 and the end of the century.
Both Sarawak and Sabah (North Borneo) have had a long and interesting postal history. Sarawak commenced issuing stamps in March 1869 and Sabah in 1883. With the establishment of the British North Borneo Company in 1882, North Borneo was opened to trade and became a British Protectorate in 1888. Between 1883 and 1887 its stamps were inscribed with the words "North Borneo"; in the latter year the word "British" was added to the title. From 1894 onward the stamps were inscribed with the words "The States of North Borneo" and "British Protectorate" were either overprinted or added to the design in most issues after 1901.
STAMPS DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND THE IMMEDIATE POST-WAR YEARS
The Malay Peninsula was invaded by Japanese Forces in 1941 and the stamps of Malaya were overprinted by the Japanese who later issued their own stamps. When Japan surrendered in 1945 Malaya was placed under British Military Administration and the pre-war stamps were overprinted with "B.M.A. MALAYA". In 1947 the stamps of Sarawak and North Borneo were reissued overprinted with the Royal Cipher following their change in status to Crown Colonies.
On 1st February 1948 the Federation of Malaya was formed and the stamps of the British Military Administration were gradually superseded by stamps in uniform design for portraying the Rulers of each State (or the Coat of Arms, in the case of Negri Sembilan) in Johore, Kedah, Kelantan, Malacca, Negri Sembilan, Pahang, Penang, Perak, Selangor, Singapore and Trengganu. The State of Perlis, which had hitherto used the stamps of Kedah, began issuing its own stamps at this time. The twelve territories issued stamps in the Colonial Omnibus designs for the Silver Wedding (1948), the 75th anniversary of the Universal Postal Union (1949) and the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II (1953).
POSTAGE STAMPS AFTER MERDEKA
The Federation of Malaya achieved independence on the 31st August, 1957. Philatelically these changes were heralded by the release of four stamps on 5th May, 1957, inscribed "Federation of Malaya", which were intended for use throughout the country. Between June and August, each of the component States released their own definitive sets differing only in the inscription and the portrait of the ruler inset.
Changes of portrait became necessary on the stamps of Kedah (1959), Kelantan (1961-2) and Selangor (1961-2) because of the deaths of the rulers of these States. Several stamps were issued by the States to mark local events such as the Diamond Jubilee of the Sultan of Johore (1955) and the Coronations of the Rulers of Johore (1960), Kedah (1959), Kelantan (1961), Negri Sembilan (1961), Selangor (1961) and Perak (1963).
The Federation of Malaya issued a number of colourful commemorative stamps such as the Independence Day Commemorative (1957 and 1958) and the Parliamentary Inauguration set (1959). In the succeeding years stamps were issued for the Natural Rubber Research Conference. The Colombo Plan Conference, National Language Month, Free Primary Education and the Cameron Highlands Hydro-Electric Scheme. In addition the Federation participated in the world "Omnibus" issues for World Refugee Year (1960), Human Rights (1958), Malaria Eradication (1962) and Freedom from Hunger (1963).
On 16th September, 1963, Malaysia, comprising the States of the Federation of Malaya and the States of Sabah (North Borneo), Sarawak and Singapore, was established and a set of three stamps featuring the sun rising over a map of the area was issued. The stamps of North Borneo were overprinted with the word "Sabah" pending the arrival of the new definitive series.
Malaysia issued two stamps in 1963 to commemorate the Fourth World Orchid Conference in Singapore and stamps for other important events such as the Ninth Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference, Mrs Eleanor Roosevelt Memorial and International Telecommunication Union Centenary followed during the next two years.
The present distinctive National definitive issue featuring birds of Malaysia was released on 9th September, 1965, and on 15th November of the same year the State definitive issues were released.
Since the release of these National and State series, commemorative stamps have been issued from time to time notably for the opening of the National Mosque and the International Airport (August 65), the third South Eastern Asia Peninsula Games (December 65), National Monument (February 66), Installation of the King (April 66), 150th Anniversary of Penang Free School (October 66), The First Malaysia Plan (December 66), Seacom (March 67), 10th Anniversary of Merdeka (August 67) and the Centenary of Council Negri, Sarawak (September 67).
Technical Details
Commemorative postage stamps of the 25 cents, 30 cents and 50 cents denominations will be issued on 2nd December, 1967 to mark the Centenary of the First Postage Stamps of Malaysia.
Sizes: Trapeziform with the following dimensions perforation to perforation in sheets of 50:
(a) Vertical - 30 mm, (b) Horizontal (at top) - 35 mm, (c) Horizontal (at bottom) - 42 mm
Printing Process: Photogravure
Design: The three stamps depict the following:
25 cents - depicts the 1867 Straits Settlements 8c stamp and the current 25c Malaysia stamp, both in actural colours.
30 cents - depicts the 1867 Straits Settlements 24c stamp and the current 30c Malaysia stamp, both in actural colours.
50 cents - depicts the 1867 Straits Settlements 32c stamp and the current 50c Malaysia stamp, both in actual colours.
Colour: All the three stamps are in multi-colours.
Paper: Unwatermarked paper
Printed by: The Government Printing Bureau of Japan
Artist: Enche Ng Peng Nam
Period of Sale: Three months from the date of issue or until stocks are exhausted whichever is earlier
First Day Cover:
Labels:
1967,
anniversaries
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