Terengganu Hydro-Electric Project

Terengganu Hydro-Electric Project

Date of Issue: 1987-07-13
Denominations: 20 cents, $1.00
Stamp Size: 31.5 mm x 48.0 mm
Paper: SPM watermarked phosphor coated
Printing Process: Lithography
Printer: Security Printers (M) Sdn. Bhd., Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Sheet Composition: 50 stamps
Designer: Kathy Design, Kuala Lumpur

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PROJECT
The Terengganu Hydro-Electric Project is located in the State of Terengganu, Malaysia and comprises twin diversion tunnels, a main dam, a free overflow spillway, an inlet structure leading to 4 steel-lined tunnels, a conventional surface power station housing 4 generating units of 100 MW each, and 8 saddle dams. The main dam is a rockfill structure with a height of about 150 m. All the saddle dams are of earthfill construction. The total volume of fill for these dams is 25.7 million m.

From a catchment area of 260,000 ha. the dam impounds 13,600,000,000 cu. Meters of water at normal full supply level, of which 7,400,000,000 cu. meters are utilized as live storage. The surface area at full supply level is 36,900 ha.

Twin tunnels 14 m in diameter diverted the river of the dam. One 1.75 m hollow cone valve and a butterfly valve provided in one of the diversion tunnels discharged riparian flows during the filling of the reservoir. The generating facilities consist of four machines with a total installed capacity of 400 MW and produce an average energy output of 1,600 million units per annum.

POWERSTATION
The power station has four generating units made up of Francis type turbines vertically coupled to air-cooled generators. The units are housed in a conventional building which includes repair bay, control room, workshops, office and storage facilities.

The four turbines have an output of 100 MW each at a rated head of 120 m and the generators are rated 112 MWA/0.9 PF 50 Hz. The generators’ output is connected to three-phase 13.8/275 kV/112 MVA oil-cooled transformers, through the substation and then by 275 kV transmission lines to the system network.

MAIN DAM
A total volume of 17,000,000 cubic meters of fill material was used for the construction of the Kenyir Dam over a period of two and a half years.

The core material of weathered granitic clay was obtained from burrow areas located 1 to 2km upstream of the site. It was placed in the central zone of the dam to act as the impervious zone.
The rockfill for the dam, obtained from a borrow area located 2km upstream of the site is granite which also extends throughout the entire foundation area. Rock from the borrow area was placed on the outermost zones of the dam. Filter material consisting of fine crushed rock and river sand was placed in between the rockfill and core zones to serve as transition material.

The upsteam cofferdam was built to a height of some 60m to pass flood flows through the diversion works during the construction period. This cofferdam was subsequently incorporated into the main dam.

SADDLEDAMS
There are 8 saddles along the catchment boundary of the Terengganu River Basin which are below the proposed maximum water level of the reservoir.

To prevent overflow or leakage through these saddles, an embankment with the same crest elevation as the main dam is constructed in each of these saddles. They vary in height from 19 m to 45 m. all of the saddle dams are homogeneous earthfill embankments and have a similar cross-section which provides for a cut-off to groutable rock and a vertical chimney drain.

SPILLWAY
The spillway is located on the right bank of the dam abutment. The spillway is an ungated, ogee-type structure with a 140 m wide crest, leading to a 50 m wide chute which terminates in the river channel.

The spillway is capable of attenuating the incoming probable maximum flood to a maximum discharge of 7,000 cubic meters with a corresponding rise of the reservoir level of 8 m.

International Conference On Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking

Commemorative Issue of Postage Stamps to Mark the International Conference On Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking

Date of Issue: 1987-06-08
Denominations: 2 'se-tenant' pairs with values of 20 cents and 40 cents
Stamp Size: 28 mm x 38 mm
Paper: SPM watermarked, phosphor coated
Printing Process: Lithography
Printer: Security Printers (M) Sdn. Bhd., Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Sheet Composition: 100 stamps
Designer: Kathy Wong

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United Nations International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking (17 – 26 June 1987, Vienna)

The widespread abuse of drugs has become a human tragedy. Clearly, drug abuse and the illicit trafficking in drugs are problems no longer confined to small segments of a given population. The drug problem has enticed, captivated and will ultimately destroy people from all walks of life. The growing drug menace has invaded homes, the workplace and educational institutions, affecting individuals of all ages and classes. Beyond the human destruction caused by drug dependence is the damage to traditional values, lifestyles, and national economies.

Moreover the spread of corruption, violence and terrorism linked to the illicit traffic in drugs, undermines the very security and political stability of nations.

It was in response to this growing threat that in 1985 the United Nations General Assembly decided to convene an International Conference on Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking (ICDAIT) in Vienna, Austria, in June 1987.

The main objective of this conference would be to generate a more concerted, comprehensive and truly world wide effort to combat this drug problem in all its forms at the national, regional and international levels. The Conference would also endorse a comprehensive multidisciplinary outline of future activities focusing on concrete and substantive issues directly relevant to the problems of drug abuse and illicit trafficking. The Conference is expected to declare the international community’s commitment and resolve to eradicate the drug problem.

The Conference will focus on the following issues:
a) intensifying concerted efforts by governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to combat all forms of drug abuse, illicit trafficking and related criminal activities leading to the further development of national strategies that could be a basis for international actions;
b) creating heightened national and international awareness and sensitivity concerning the pernicious effects of the abuse of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, paying due attention to the demand dimension of the drug problem and to the role of the mass media, non-governmental organizations and other channels of dissemination of information about all aspects of the drug problem, especially in the prevention of drug abuse;
c) strengthening and expanding of national and international mechanisms for exchanging information and developing programs on illicit demand, prevention and/or reduction, including promoting the rational use of psychoactive medicines, preventive education, community participation, treatment, rehabilitation and social reintegration, together with research and training;
d) promoting strict and consistent implementation, at both the national and international levels, of the provisions of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 and that Convention as amended by the 1972 Protocol and the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances which all for limiting the use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances to medical and scientific purposes and, thus, preventing illegal traffic, and promoting further the accession to those Conventions of the widest possible number of States;
e) achieving as much harmonization as possible and reinforcing national legislation, bilateral treaties, regional arrangements and other international legal instruments, especially as they relate to enforcement and penalties against those involved in all aspects of illicit trafficking, including forfeiture of illegally acquired assets and extradition, and developing cooperation in dealing with drug abusers, including their treatment and rehabilitation;
f) making further progress towards eradicating the illicit sources of raw materials for drugs through a comprehensive program of integrated rural development, the development of alternative means of livelihood and retraining, law enforcement and, where appropriate, crop substitution;
g) controlling more effectively the production, distribution and consumption of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances with a view to limiting them exclusively to medical and scientific purposes, in accordance with existing conventions, and, in this connection, underlining the central role of the international Narcotic Control Board;
h) strengthening the United Nations coordination of drug abuse control activities by, inter alia, increasing support for the United Nations Fund for Drug Abuse Control and reinforcing regional and other cooperation between member states;
i) supporting strongly current high priority initiatives and programs of the United Nations, including the elaboration of a convention against illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances which considers, in particular, those aspects of the problem not envisaged in existing international instruments;
j) considering whether existing mechanisms, whereby experiences, methodologies, and other information in law enforcement, preventive education, treatment and rehabilitation, research and development of manpower relating to the prevention and control of drug abuse can be exchanged, should be improved or, if necessary, complemented by new mechanisms.

Malaysia fully supports this initiative for the convening of an international Conference and intends to play a major and constructive role at this Conference. Malaysia believes that the problem of drug abuse and illicit trafficking must be truly internationalized by the world community before eradication of the problem is possible. The success of international control on illicit drug production, trafficking and abuse is the sum of individual nation’s commitment and responsibilities.

Malaysia has declared drug abuse and illicit trafficking as a primary security concern so that priority and urgency can be given to contain this problem commensurate with the gravity and seriousness of the situation. Malaysia believes that it is the moral responsibility of governments to initiate measures at checking drug abuse. Governments must recognize that there exists a grave problem in society that needs to be tackled immediately. This requires political will and commitment at the highest level of government. Only then could policies relating to public awareness and community action be developed. The responsibility to wage the war against illicit drugs however does not rest solely with the government. The anti drug effort also requires total community involvement for it to be effective. We in Malaysia believe that all citizens and community groups must play a major role in support of the government’s effort to eradicate drug abuse and illicit trafficking.

LET’S BUILD A BETTER WORLD, FREE FROM DRUG ABUSE

International Year of Shelter for the Homeless 1987

International Year of Shelter for the Homeless 1987

Date of Issue: 1987-04-06
Denominations: 20 cents, $1.00
Stamp Size: 31.5 mm x 48 mm
Paper: SPM watermarked phosphor coated
Printing Process: Lithography
Printer: Security Printers (M) Sdn. Bhd. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Sheet Composition: 50 stamps
Designer: Kajian Senilukis dan Senireka, Institut Teknologi Mara

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United Nations has declared 1987 as the International Year of Shelter for the Homeless (IYSH). Malaysia is one of the many countries which support this declaration. The objective of this declaration is to focus on the problems faced by people who are in need of shelter and proper homes. Besides this, IYSH is also determined to create an awareness on the part of the government and other organizations involved to renew and step up efforts in providing as well as improving the living conditions of the people in a particular country.

In Malaysia, the implementation of the five year development plans is in line with the philosophy of IYSH which is to help the lower income groups by building low-cost houses in urban and rural areas as well as the development of squatter areas.

In line with this policy, a project called NADI was implemented in the Federal Territory aimed at improving the living conditions and the socio-economic status of the lower income groups, especially the squatter areas. The government has also given priority to those who earn less than $750/month to won low-cost houses. This involves the building of some 80,000 units of low cost houses per year from 1986 – 1988. This is a firm commitment from the government in fulfilling the basic needs and welfare of the people. The government has also implemented programs to restructure traditional villages and the development of new villages in order to create a viable settlement of human beings and to increase their socio-economic status.

As a mark of the Malaysia’s government support and commitment to the philosophy of IYSH, a seminar will be held in Malaysia on 6th April 1987. The aim of this seminar is to increase the awareness and involvement of all sectors towards to the programs and the philosophy of IYSH in this country.

20c – the design depicts a comfortable low cost housing scheme in a rural area complete with basic amenities and infrastructure


$1.00 – the design depicts a graphic visual which symbolized man’s (family) basic need for shelter (house)

Musical Instuments of Malaysia

Musical Instruments of Malaysia

Date of Issue: 1987-03-07
Denominations: 15 cents, 20 cents, 50 cents, 80 cents
Stamp Size: 27.94 mm x 44.45 mm
Paper: SPM watermarked, phosphor coated
Printing Process: Lithography
Printer: Security Printers (M) Sdn. Bhd. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Sheet Composition: 50 stamps
Designer: Ms. Kathy Wong

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Musical instruments in Malaysia comprise of various types of traditional instruments and may be divided into various groups such as the wind and the stringed instruments. Some of these instruments form an integral part of a Malay ensemble. Some of the musical instruments in use today are derived from those of old and have been re-designed by adding modern decorative elements to consonise their contemporary needs. Some of the more common musical instruments are the rebab, serunai, sapih, sompotan, kompang, and the gendang. These instruments are played in many different styles according to their particular genre and performance practices.

Sapih

The sapih is classified as a chordophonic instrument and is popular among the indigineous people of Sarawak mainly the Kayan, Kenyah and Kelabit. The four wire strings on the sapih are stretched horizontally across its body on top of the many low fret-like movable bridges which are placed on top of its neck or fingering board. The first of the four strings creates the melody while the remaining three strings produce the drone sounds. Earlier models of the Sapih used only two strings made out of finely split rotan. The Sapih can be played as a solo instrument or in a duet to accompany a warrior like dance called Ngaja, and the Datun Julud which is performed by ladies.

Sompotan
The sompotan is an aerophonic traditional musical instrument popular among the Dusun people of Sabah. This instrument consists of bamboo pipes with single reed tongues fitted vertically into the empty shell of a small dried gourd which functions as a wind bellow. The pitch on the sompotan is controlled by the ability of the player in the usage of his fingers on the finger holes and the pipe ends. The sompotan produces a sweet tone and is capable of producing drone bass sounds together with harmony. The sompotan can provide entertainment as a solo instrument as well as in an ensemble.

Serunai

Serunai is the only aerophonic Malay traditional musical instrument present in the Wayang Kulit Kelantan, Menora and Silat ensemble. The serunai is used as accompaniment in the court dances known as Tari Asyik and Inai. The serunai has quadruple reeds made from the palmyra palm and is the principal melodic instrument in an ensemble. This instrument is made of a conical tube of hardwood which has seven finger holes in the front and one at the back. The instrument is usually ornamented with carvings at the upper and lower ends of its body. Melody is produced by means of a circular breathing technique in which the flow of air through the reeds is never stopped.

Rebab

The rebab is a three-stringed chordophonic Malay traditional musical instrument. The instrument has an elongated triangular-shaped body carved from hardwood, usually the wood of the jack-fruit tree. The front face of the body is covered with a layer of the cow’s inner stomach, and a small lump of bee’s wax is attached to the upper left side of the stretched skin. The rebab commonly referred to as the spiked fiddle is played with an intricately carved bow. The rebab is the melodic instrument in the Mak Yong and the Main Petri ensemble. In the Tarik Selampit tradition the rebab appears as a solo instrument played by Tok Selampit himself.

Historical Building

Historical Building

Date of Issue: 1986-12-20
Denominations: 15 cents, 20 cents, 40 cents, and $1.00
Stamp Size: 28mm x 38mm
Paper: SPM Watermarked, phosphor coated
Printing Process: Lithography
Printer: Security Printers (M) Sdn. Bhd. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Sheet Composition: 100 stamps
Designer: Peter Khang Howe Ket

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Malaysia is a sovereign state with a colorful history. Its periods of historical turbulence have left behind legacies, which are manifestations of the country’s development in the various social and economic fields. One such legacy is its historic buildings, which are beautiful and possessing unique architecture. The Antiquities Act of 1976 governs historic buildings in Malaysia, the aim of which is research, protection and the preservation of such buildings.

Istana Lama Seri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan (15c)
The Istana Lama Seri Menanti situated at Seri Menanti in the district of Kuala Pilah was built in 1902 to replace the old palace which was burnt down by British soldiers while pursuing Yam Tuan Antah in December 1875. This Istana was occupied by His Royal Highness The Yang di-Pertuan Besar Tuanku Muhammad until 1931. Built of wood, the Istana consists of four storeys and is based on the Minangkabau architecture. This unique building has a three-tier minaret in the center. Wood for the four columns of the Istana was acquired by the local inhabitants from the jungles of Bukit Perigi, Jelebu and Bukit Tinggi Kuala Pilah. The summit in the center is known as ‘Tingkat Gunjung’. Unique and extraordinary carvings and motifs can be seen on the outside walls and along the columns of the balcony.

Istana Kenangan, Perak (20c)
Istana Kenangan which is situated at Bukit Chandan, Kuala Kangsar, Perak was planned after a disastrous flood struck Perak in 1928. The construction of the building was completed in 1931. His Royal Highness Sultan Iskandar Shah, the 30th Sultan of Perak (1918 – 1938) moved into Istana Kenangan so that the Istana Negara could be demolished for the construction of a new Istana (the present Istana Iskandariah). His Royal Highness moved into the new Istana Iskandariah upon its completion in 1933. Members of the Perak royal family however, occupied Istana Iskandariah. Istana Kenangan also known as Istana Lembah and sometimes as Istana Tepus has specially designed walls and roof and almost the whole building is constructed of wood.

Stadthuys, Melaka (40c)
The Dutch built a residence for their Governor between 1641 and 1656 at the site of the Portuguese Governor’s residence, which was destroyed during the war between the Portuguese and the Dutch. The Governor’s residence was also known as Stadthuys in Dutch. This building is the original and the oldest amongst the Dutch building in the Far East. The oblong shaped Stadthuys building consists of three storeys out of which one was used as a storeroom. On the right were the slaves’ rooms as well as the warehouse.

Istana Kuching, Sarawak ($1.00)
Istana Kuching situated across the Sarawak River and Kuching town was built in 1870 as the residence for the Head of State. Istana Kuching was an official and prominent building in the history of Sarawak. The building is divided into three separate bungalows supported by concrete columns measuring 20 feet in height. The large intermediate building was used to entertain state guests. The other two portions were used as bedrooms.

Agro-Based Products of Malaysia

Agro-Based Products of Malaysia, Definitive Stamps - State Series

Date of Issue: 1986-10-25
Denominations: 1 cents, 2 cents, 5 cents, 10 cents, 15 cents, 20 cents, 30 cents
Stamp Size: 27 mm x 32 mm
Paper: SPM watermarked, phosphor coated
Printing Process: Lithography
Printer: Security Printers (M) Sdn. Bhd. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Sheet Composition: 100 stamps
Designer: Kathy Wong

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Malaysia is basically an agricultural country, well known as the world’s largest producer of rubber and palm oil. Together they occupy more than half of the country’s cultivated land and contributed a major share of the foreign exchange revenue. Beverages such as cocoa and coffee and spices such as pepper are grown successfully and also contribute significantly towards export earnings.

In terms of food production, rice is the major food crop.
Presently, rice the staple food in Malaysia is still being imported. Malaysia is striving to attain self-sufficiency in the production of rice. Other food crops of importance produced locally are coconuts and groundnuts which are good sources of oil. Tapioca and sweet potatoes are also cultivated for their starch. Malaysia continues to import large quantities of maize and soya bean for human consumption as well as for animal feed. There is still a need and room for crop diversification in the country.


Coffee – Coffea liberica

The coffee is a lowland species which can be grown on a variety of soils from peat to clay and requires heavy rainfall and high temperature. The coffee shrub grows up to a height of 7 meters. It has large, dark green glossy leaves while the flowers are starlike, white in color and fragrant. Coffee fruits are oval in shape and streaked with red when ripe and turn black upon drying. Coffee starts bearing fruit in the third year.

Coconut – Cocos nucifera

The coconut is cultivated in the coastal sands of the tropics and requires a suitable temperature and a well-distributed rainfall. The coconut tree has a crown of leaves at its apex and grows up to a height of 30 meters. The coconut is usually ovoid in shape and is green, yellow or orange in color upon maturity. The varieties of coconut are classified on the basis of palm height, nut size, color and other endosperm features.

Cocoa – Theobroma cacao

Cocoa is a tropical crop which grows best in clay and sandy loams. The cocoa tree grows up to a height of 8 meters. It has large, dark green leaves. The fruits, commonly called pods, each containing between 35 – 45 seeds, are borne on the main stem of the tree and its fan branches. The young cocoa pods are cream, green or red in color and turn to red or purple upon ripening.

Pepper – Piper nigrum
Pepper is grown at low altitudes in hot wet tropical climates and requires a well-drained alluvial soil rich in humus. The pepper plant is a perennial woody climber with a ligneous stem which can grow up to a height of 10 meters. It has simple alternate leaves on both its climbing and fruiting branches. Its fruits are globose and the exocarp is green in color turning to red when ripe and black when dry.

Rubber – Hevea brasiliensis
The rubber tree grows well in a hot, humid climate with the temperature ranging from 22 degrees Celsius – 30 degrees Celsius. It grows to a height of about 25 meters under cultivation. The tree bears trifoliate leaves. Its fruits turn brown and woody at maturity. The woody trilobed capsules split open ripening releasing three large brown seeds. Latex which comes into production about 5 years after planting is obtained by tapping the bark of the tree.

Oil Palm – Elaeis guineensis
Oil palm requires adequate light and sufficient rainfall evenly distributed throughout the year. The oil palm grows up to a height of 20 meters. Its trunk is formed after three years and its apex is in the form of an inverted cone. Its leaves are produced in a spiral succession from the main stem. The fruit branches are borne in the axil of the lower leaves. The fruits are spherical to ovoid in shape and vary in color from an orange to a dark red.

Rice – Oryza sativa
Rice is normally found in the tropics. The rice plant can grow up to a height of 150 cm and has erect green culms which are smooth, cylindrical and up to 50 cm long with solid nodes and hollow internodes. Its leaves are alternate in two ranks with a single leaf at each node. The rice grain varies in size depending upon the variety. It takes about 30 days for the rice to ripen.

The Inaugural Flight of MAS to Los Angeles

Commemorative Issue of Postage Stamps to Mark the Inaugural Flight of MAS to Los Angeles

Date of Issue: 1986-07-31
Denominations: 20 cents, 40 cents, $1.00
Stamp Size: 28 mm x 32 mm
Paper: SPM watermarked, phosphor coated
Printing Process: Lithography
Printer: Security Printers (M) Sdn. Bhd. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Sheet Composition: 100 stamps
Designer: PTM Thompson Advertising Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur

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When Malaysian Airline System, commenced operations in 1972, its air links covered 6 international and 34 domestic destinations. The addition of new, more advanced and bigger capacity aircraft through the years has enabled MAS to fly to new international destinations. Today, MAS flies to 25 key cities in Asia, Australia, Europe and Middle East, in additional to the 34 destinations within Malaysia.

NOW TO LOS ANGELES, THE 60TH DESTINATION FOR MAS
MAS launches its services to Los Angeles on 31 July 1986. This service also marks the first trans-Pacific service for MAS. Flying twice-weekly, via Tokyo, MAS operates the fastest flight between Kuala Lumpur and Los Angeles. With Los Angeles, MAS route network covers 60 destinations in 21 countries in Asia, Australia, Europe, Middle East and U.S.A.

MAS ADDS THE MOST ADVANCED B747 TO ITS FLEET
For the first time, a B747 Stretched Upper Deck aircraft, the most advanced 747 of all, will carry the MAS fleet will be dedicated to the new trans-Pacific Services and will also support MAS European frequencies. The introduction of this new aircraft will enable MAS to further increase its existing services and network.

GOLDEN SERVICE ALL THE WAY
Apart from the comfort of the fastest flight to the USA and the luxury of extra space on the B747 Stretched Upper Deck aircraft, passengers can look forward to the MAS promise to treat them like gold. Warm, gracious courtesy and exclusive standards of service and style, which all add up to a standard of inflight service they will want to come back to!

Protected Wildlife of Malaysia - Series 2

Protected Wildlife of Malaysia - Series 2

Date of Issue: 1986-03-11
Denominations: 2 'se-tenant' pairs with values of 20 cents and 40 cents
Stamp Size: 29.85 mm x 40.64 mm
Paper: SPM watermarked
Printing Process: Lithography
Printer: Security Printers (M) Sdn. Bhd. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
Sheet Composition: 50 stamps
Designer: Peter Khang Howe Ket

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Pheasants
The pheasants are large and attractive birds in the primary rain forests of Malaysia. There are eighteen species of pheasants in Malaysia with some thirty recognized subspecies. Of the eighteen species three are considered as internationally endangered, one species is believed to be extinct in Malaysia while seven other species are in a vulnerable state as a result of poaching and habitat destruction. Under the Malaysian law, ten species are totally protected while five other species are given protection of some form.

Great Argus – Argusianus argus
The Great Argus is found in the lowland primary forests of Semenanjung Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. It is protected in Sabah and Sarawak and totally protected in Peninsular Malaysia. The male and female Great Argus live on their own. The male bird establishes a dancing ground cleared of vegetation and forest litter on high places and ridge tops. The Great Argus feeds on fallen fruits, nuts, seeds, slugs and insects.

Bulwer’s Pheasant – Lophura bulweri
The Bulwer’s Pheasant is endemic to Borneo and can be found in Sabah and Sarawak. It lives in the submontane primary forest and has a patchy distribution. It is protected in both the states of Sabah and Sarawak. This pheasant skulks along the forest floor with its tail curved behind its body. The male species has a magnificent courtship display. The Bulwer’s Pheasant feeds on fallen fruits and insects.

Crested Fireback Pheasant – Lophura ignita
The Crested Fireback Pheasant inhabits the forest floor of primary lowland forests in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. This species is protected in the states of Sabah and Sarawak and is totally protected in Peninsular Malaysia. Flocks of five to six birds with a male species are frequently seen in thick forest. They are swift runners and have the habit of scratching for food on or around rotten logs. They feed on berries, tender leaves and insects.





Malaysian Peacock Pheasant – Pavo malacense
The Malaysian Peacock Pheasant can be found both in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. It is an extremely rare bird living in the forest floor of the lowland primary forest. The species is endangered and is protected in Sabah and Sarawak and totally protected in Peninsular Malaysia. The bird is noted to be shy of human presence and lives in dense forest. Very little is known of its behavior and diet.